HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: Common Questions Answered

Question 1What is HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis?

HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis — commonly called HIV PEP — is a short course of antiretroviral medicines taken after a possible exposure to HIV. It helps prevent the virus from establishing infection in the body.

Question 2When should HIV PEP be started?

PEP should be started as early as possible — preferably within 24 hours, and no later than 72 hours after exposure. Every hour matters.

When the exposure is considered significant, treatment should not be delayed while waiting for detailed laboratory reports.

Question 3Which situations may require PEP?

PEP may be considered after:

The actual risk depends on the type of exposure and the HIV status of the source. A doctor can assess this quickly and advise whether PEP is indicated.

Question 4How long is HIV PEP taken?

The recommended duration is 28 days, and a three-drug antiretroviral regimen is generally preferred. The complete course must be taken regularly, without missing doses — interruptions reduce how well it works.

Question 5Which tests are required before starting PEP?

Your doctor may advise:

• A baseline HIV test
• Kidney and liver function tests
• Hepatitis B and C screening
• Pregnancy testing, where relevant
• Tests for other sexually transmitted infections

Question 6Does PEP guarantee protection from HIV?

PEP substantially reduces the risk of HIV when started promptly and taken correctly — but it is not a 100% guarantee. Follow-up HIV testing after completing treatment is essential to confirm the outcome.

Question 7Is PEP suitable for repeated exposure?

PEP is intended for emergencies. People with frequent or ongoing risk of HIV exposure should discuss HIV PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) instead — medicine taken before exposure that provides continuing protection.